publications

2017

1. Improved spectral comparisons of paleoclimate models and observations via proxy system modeling: Implications for multi-decadal variability

   Dee, S. G., Parsons, L. A., Loope, G. R., Overpeck, J. T., Ault, T. R., and Emile-Geay, J.

   Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2017
2. A Controlled Crowdsourcing Approach for Practical Ontology Extensions and Metadata Annotations

   Gil, Yolanda, Garijo, Daniel, Ratnakar, Varun, Khider, Deborah, Emile-Geay, Julien, and McKay, Nicholas

   In The Semantic Web –ISWC 2017 2017

   Abs

   Traditional approaches to ontology development have a large lapse between the time when a user using the ontology has found a need to extend it and the time when it does get extended. For scientists, this delay can be weeks or months and can be a significant barrier for adoption. We present a new approach to ontology development and data annotation enabling users to add new metadata properties on the fly as they describe their datasets, creating terms that can be immediately adopted by others and eventually become standardized. This approach combines a traditional, consensus-based approach to ontology development, and a crowdsourced approach where expert users (the crowd) can dynamically add terms as needed to support their work. We have implemented this approach as a socio-technical system that includes: (1) a crowdsourcing platform to support metadata annotation and addition of new terms, (2) a range of social editorial processes to make standardization decisions for those new terms, and (3) a framework for ontology revision and updates to the metadata created with the previous version of the ontology. We present a prototype implementation for the Paleoclimate community, the Linked Earth Framework, currently containing 700 datasets and engaging over 50 active contributors. Users exploit the platform to do science while extending the metadata vocabulary, thereby producing useful and practical metadata.

3. Correlation-based interpretations of paleoclimate data – where statistics meet past climates

   Hu, Jun, Emile-Geay, Julien, and Partin, Judson

   Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2017
4. Data Analysis in the Earth & Environmental Sciences

   Emile-Geay, J.

   2017
5. Climate dynamics with the Last Millennium Reanalysis

   Emile-Geay, J., Erb, Michael P., Hakim, Gregory J., Steig, Eric J., and Noone, D. C.

   PAGES magazine 2017
6. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

   Emile-Geay, J. and McKay, N. and Kaufman, D. and von Gunten, L. and Wang, J. and Anchukaitis, K. and Abram, N. and Addison, J. and Curran, M. and Evans, M. and Henley, B. and Hao, Z. and Martrat, B. and McGregor, H. and Neukom , R. and Pederson, G. and Stenni, B. and Thirumalai, K. and Werner, J. and Xu, C. and Divine, D. and Dixon, B. and Gergis, J. and Mundo, I. and Nakatsuka, T. and Phipps, S. and Routson, C. and Steig, E. and Tierney, J. and Tyler, J. and Allen, K. and Bertler, N. and Björklund and Chase, B. and Chen, M. and Cook, E. and de Jong, R. and DeLong, K. and Dixon, D. and Ekaykin, A. and Ersek V. and Filipsson, H. and Francus, P. and Freund, M. and Frezzotti, M. and Gaire, N. and Gajewski, K. and Ge, Q. and Goosse, H. and Gornostaeva, A. and Grosjean, M. and Horiuchi, K. and Hormes, A. and Husum, K. and Isaksson , E. and Kandasamy, S. and Kawamura, K. and Kilbourne, K. and Koc, N. and Leduc, G. and Linderholm, H. and Lorrey, A. and Mikhalenko, V. and Mortyn, G. and Motoyama, H. and Moy, A. and Mulvaney, R. and Munz, P. and Nash, D. and Oerter, H. and Opel, T. and Orsi, A. and Ovchinnikov, D. and Porter, T. and Roop, H. and Saenger, C. and Sano, M. and Sauchyn, D. and Saunders, K. and Seidenkrantz, M. and Severi, M. and Shao, X. and Sicre, M. and Sigl, M. and Sinclair, K. and St. George, S. and St. Jacques, J. and Thamban, M. and Thapa, U. and Thomas, E. and Turney, C. and Uemura, R. and Viau, A. and Vladimirova, D. and Wahl, E. and White, J. and Yu, Z. and Zinke, J.,

   Scientific Data 2017

2018

1. Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 \,^∘C anthropogenic warming and beyond

   Fischer, Hubertus, Meissner, Katrin J., Mix, Alan C., Abram, Nerilie J., Austermann, Jacqueline, Brovkin, Victor, Capron, Emilie, Colombaroli, Daniele, Daniau, Anne-Laure, Dyez, Kelsey A., Felis, Thomas, Finkelstein, Sarah A., Jaccard, Samuel L., McClymont, Erin L., Rovere, Alessio, Sutter, Johannes, Wolff, Eric W., Affolter, Stéphane, Bakker, Pepijn, Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan Antonio, Barbante, Carlo, Caley, Thibaut, Carlson, Anders E., Churakova (Sidorova), Olga, Cortese, Giuseppe, Cumming, Brian F., Davis, Basil A. S., Vernal, Anne, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fritz, Sherilyn C., Gierz, Paul, Gottschalk, Julia, Holloway, Max D., Joos, Fortunat, Kucera, Michal, Loutre, Marie-France, Lunt, Daniel J., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Marlon, Jennifer R., Martinez, Philippe, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Raible, Christoph C., Risebrobakken, Bjørg, Sánchez Goñi, Marı́a F., Arrigo, Jennifer Saleem, Sarnthein, Michael, Sjolte, Jesper, Stocker, Thomas F., Velasquez Alvárez, Patricio A., Tinner, Willy, Valdes, Paul J., Vogel, Hendrik, Wanner, Heinz, Yan, Qing, Yu, Zicheng, Ziegler, Martin, and Zhou, Liping

   Nature Geoscience 2018

   Abs

   Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 \,^∘C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 \,^∘C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.

2. Impact of Convective Activity on Precipitation δ^18\mathrmO in Isotope-Enabled General Circulation Models

   Hu, Jun, Emile-Geay, Julien, Nusbaumer, Jesse, and Noone, David

   Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2018
3. LinkedEarth: supporting paleoclimate data standards and crowd curation

   Emile-Geay, Julien, Khider, D, McKay, NP, Gil, Y, Garijo, D, and Ratnakar, V

   Past Global Change Magazine 2018
4. Linked Paleo Data: A resource for open, reproducible, and efficient paleoclimatology

   McKay, Nicholas P, and Emile-Geay, Julien

   Past Global Change Magazine 2018
5. Insights into Atlantic multidecadal variability using the Last Millennium Reanalysis framework

   Singh, H. K. A., Hakim, G. J., Tardif, R., Emile-Geay, J., and Noone, D. C.

   Climate of the Past 2018

2019

1. Efficient Reconstructions of Common Era Climate via Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations

   Barboza, Luis A., Emile-Geay, Julien, Li, Bo, and He, Wan

   Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 2019

   Abs

   Paleoclimate reconstruction on the Common Era (1–2000 AD) provides critical context for recent warming trends. This work leverages integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) to conduct inference under a Bayesian hierarchical model using data from three sources: a state-of-the-art proxy database (PAGES 2k), surface temperature observations (HadCRUT4), and latest estimates of external forcings. INLA’s computational efficiency allows to explore several model formulations (with or without forcings, explicitly modeling internal variability or not), as well as five data reduction techniques. Two different validation exercises find a small impact of data reduction choices, but a large impact for model choice, with best results for the two models that incorporate external forcings. These models confirm that man-made greenhouse gas emissions are the largest contributor to temperature variability over the Common Era, followed by volcanic forcing. Solar effects are indistinguishable from zero. INLA provide an efficient way to estimate the posterior mean, comparable with the much costlier Monte Carlo Markov Chain procedure, but with wider uncertainty bounds. We recommend using it for exploration of model designs, but full MCMC solutions should be used for proper uncertainty quantification.

2. Deciphering Oxygen Isotope Records From Chinese Speleothems With an Isotope-Enabled Climate Model

   Hu, Jun, Emile-Geay, Julien, Tabor, Clay, Nusbaumer, Jesse, and Partin, Judson

   Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 2019
3. LinkedEarth/Ontology: Release for Zenodo

   Garijo, Daniel, Khider, Deborah, Emile-Geay, Julien, and McKay, Nicholas P.

   2019
4. LMR Turbo (LMRt): a lightweight implementation of the LMR framework

   Zhu, Feng, Emile-Geay, Julien, Hakim, Greg, Tardif, Robert, and Perkins, Andre

   2019
5. Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era

   Neukom, Raphael, Barboza, Luis A., Erb, Michael P., Shi, Feng, Emile-Geay, Julien, Evans, Michael N., Franke, Jörg, Kaufman, Darrell S., Lücke, Lucie, Rehfeld, Kira, Schurer, Andrew, Zhu, Feng, Brönnimann, Stefan, Hakim, Gregory J., Henley, Benjamin J., Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, McKay, Nicholas, Valler, Veronika, and Gunten, Lucien

   Nature Geoscience 2019

   Abs

   Multidecadal surface temperature changes may be forced by natural as well as anthropogenic factors, or arise unforced from the climate system. Distinguishing these factors is essential for estimating sensitivity to multiple climatic forcings and the amplitude of the unforced variability. Here we present 2,000-year-long global mean temperature reconstructions using seven different statistical methods that draw from a global collection of temperature-sensitive palaeoclimate records. Our reconstructions display synchronous multidecadal temperature fluctuations that are coherent with one another and with fully forced millennial model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 across the Common Era. A substantial portion of pre-industrial (1300–1800 ce) variability at multidecadal timescales is attributed to volcanic aerosol forcing. Reconstructions and simulations qualitatively agree on the amplitude of the unforced global mean multidecadal temperature variability, thereby increasing confidence in future projections of climate change on these timescales. The largest warming trends at timescales of 20 years and longer occur during the second half of the twentieth century, highlighting the unusual character of the warming in recent decades.

6. PaCTS v1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

   Khider, Deborah, Emile-Geay, Julien, McKay, Nicholas P., Gil, Yolanda, Garijo, Daniel, Ratnakar, Varun, Alonso-Garcia, M., Bertrand, S., Bothe, O., Brewer, P., Bunn, A., Chevalier, M., Comas-Bru, L., Csank, A., Dassie, E., DeLong, K., Felis, T., Francus, P., Frappier, A., Gray, W., Goring, S., Jonkers, L., Kahle, M., Kaufman, D., Kehrwald, N. M., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Richey, J., Schmittner, A., Scroxton, N., Sutherland, E., Thirumalai, K., Allen, K., Arnaud, F., Axford, Y., Barrows, T. T., Bazin, L., Birch, S.E. Pilaar, Bradley, E., Bregy, J., Capron, E., Cartapanis, O., Chiang, H.-W., Cobb, K. M., Debret, M., Dommain, R., Du, J., Dyez, K., Emerick, S., Erb, M. P., Falster, G., Finsinger, W., Fortier, D., Gauthier, Nicolas, George, S., Grimm, E., Hertzberg, J., Hibbert, F., Hillman, A., Hobbs, W., Huber, M., Hughes, A.L.C., Jaccard, S., Ruan, J., Kienast, M., Konecky, B., Roux, G. Le, Lyubchich, V., Novello, V.F., Olaka, L., Partin, J.W., Pearce, C., Phipps, S.J., Pignol, C., Piotrowska, N., Poli, M.-S., Prokopenko, A., Schwanck, F., Stepanek, C., Swann, G. E. A., Telford, R., Thomas, E., Thomas, Z., Truebe, S., Gunten, L., Waite, A., Weitzel, N., Wilhelm, B., Williams, J., Williams, J.J., Winstrup, M., Zhao, N., and Zhou, Y.

   Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 2019
7. prysm-api: The API for PRoxY System Modeling (PRYSM)

   Zhu, Feng, Dee, Sylvia G., Emile-Geay, Julien, and Evans, Michael N.

   2019
8. Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling

   Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., Perkins, W. A., Horlick, K. A., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., Anderson, D. M., Steig, E. J., and Noone, D.

   Climate of the Past 2019
9. Climate models can correctly simulate the continuum of global-average temperature variability

   Zhu, Feng, Emile-Geay, Julien, McKay, Nicholas P., Hakim, Gregory J., Khider, Deborah, Ault, Toby R., Steig, Eric J., Dee, Sylvia, and Kirchner, James W.

   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019

2020

1. Past ENSO variability: reconstructions, models, and implications

   Emile-Geay, Julien, Cobb, Kim M., Cole, Julia E., Elliot, Mary, and Zhu, Feng

   2020

   Abs

   Summary This chapter investigates ENSO variability before the instrumental era. Though generally indirect, paleoclimate observations provide information that no other source can, sampling ENSO behavior across different base states, subject to many types and intensities of external forcing, and providing a much longer statistical sample than afforded by the instrumental record. After first reviewing the nature, strengths, and caveats of the paleoclimate observations most relevant to ENSO, we outline how these observations may be used to infer changes in ENSO properties over time. The chapter then synthesizes the most robust paleoclimate inferences about ENSO over various time intervals: the Pliocene, Quaternary Ice Ages, the Holocene, the last millennium, and the anthropogenic era. ENSO appears to have operated on Earth for at least 3 million years, and the existing observations support the view that variations in ENSO amplitude and frequency arise primarily from processes internal to the climate system. However, multiple lines of evidence support the notion that ENSO properties are sensitive to large changes in mean climate, such as those seen during the anthropogenic era. Throughout these examples, a case is made that paleoclimate observations are now mature enough to offer quantitative constraints on ENSO and its representation in climate models, offering a key out-of-sample test of model predictions across a variety of climate scenarios. The chapter closes with a roadmap for furthering the relevance of paleoclimate observations to the study of ENSO.

2. Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 \textitmidHolocene simulations

   Brierley, C. M., Zhao, A., Harrison, S. P., Braconnot, P., Williams, C. J. R., Thornalley, D. J. R., Shi, X., Peterschmitt, J.-Y., Ohgaito, R., Kaufman, D. S., Kageyama, M., Hargreaves, J. C., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., D’Agostino, R., Chandan, D., Carré, M., Bartlein, P. J., Zheng, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Yang, H., Volodin, E. M., Tomas, R. A., Routson, C., Peltier, W. R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Morozova, P. A., McKay, N. P., Lohmann, G., Legrande, A. N., Guo, C., Cao, J., Brady, E., Annan, J. D., and Abe-Ouchi, A.

   Climate of the Past 2020
3. No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium

   Dee, Sylvia G., Cobb, Kim M., Emile-Geay, Julien, Ault, Toby R., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, and Charles, Christopher D.

   Science 2020
4. No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium

   Dee, Sylvia G., Cobb, Kim M., Emile-Geay, Julien, Ault, Toby R., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, and Charles, Christopher D.

   Science 2020

   Abs

   Do volcanic eruptions affect El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability? Models indicate that sulfate aerosols resulting from large eruptions can initiate an El Niño–like response in the tropical Pacific, but observations have not shown evidence of such behavior. Dee et al. present an oxygen-isotope time series of fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific to investigate ENSO’s response to large volcanic eruptions during the past millennium. They found a weak tendency for an El Niño–like response in the year after an eruption, but not one that was statistically significant. These results suggest that large volcanic events have not triggered a detectable response in ENSO over the past thousand years and that their impact is small relative to the degree of natural variability.Science, this issue p. 1477The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shapes global climate patterns yet its sensitivity to external climate forcing remains uncertain. Modeling studies suggest that ENSO is sensitive to sulfate aerosol forcing associated with explosive volcanism but observational support for this effect remains ambiguous. Here, we used absolutely dated fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific to gauge ENSO’s response to large volcanic eruptions of the last millennium. Superposed epoch analysis reveals a weak tendency for an El Niño–like response in the year after an eruption, but this response is not statistically significant, nor does it appear after the outsized 1257 Samalas eruption. Our results suggest that those models showing a strong ENSO response to volcanic forcing may overestimate the size of the forced response relative to natural ENSO variability.

5. Response to Comment on “No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium”

   Dee, Sylvia G., Cobb, Kim M., Emile-Geay, Julien, Ault, Toby R., Edwards, R. Lawrence, Cheng, Hai, and Charles, Christopher D.

   Science 2020
6. Past ENSO Variability

   Emile-Geay, Julien, Cobb, Kim M., Cole, Julia E., Elliot, Mary, and Zhu, Feng

   2020

   Abs

   Summary This chapter investigates ENSO variability before the instrumental era. Though generally indirect, paleoclimate observations provide information that no other source can, sampling ENSO behavior across different base states, subject to many types and intensities of external forcing, and providing a much longer statistical sample than afforded by the instrumental record. After first reviewing the nature, strengths, and caveats of the paleoclimate observations most relevant to ENSO, we outline how these observations may be used to infer changes in ENSO properties over time. The chapter then synthesizes the most robust paleoclimate inferences about ENSO over various time intervals: the Pliocene, Quaternary Ice Ages, the Holocene, the last millennium, and the anthropogenic era. ENSO appears to have operated on Earth for at least 3 million years, and the existing observations support the view that variations in ENSO amplitude and frequency arise primarily from processes internal to the climate system. However, multiple lines of evidence support the notion that ENSO properties are sensitive to large changes in mean climate, such as those seen during the anthropogenic era. Throughout these examples, a case is made that paleoclimate observations are now mature enough to offer quantitative constraints on ENSO and its representation in climate models, offering a key out-of-sample test of model predictions across a variety of climate scenarios. The chapter closes with a roadmap for furthering the relevance of paleoclimate observations to the study of ENSO.

7. Atmospheric dynamics drive most interannual U.S. droughts over the last millennium

   Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., Hakim, G. J., Steiger, N., and Steig, E. J.

   Science Advances 2020
8. GeoChronR – an R package to model, analyze and visualize age-uncertain paleoscientific data

   McKay, N. P., Emile-Geay, J., and Khider, D.

   Geochronology Discussions 2020
9. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

   Kaufman, Darrell, McKay, Nicholas, Routson, Cody, Erb, Michael, Davis, Basil, Heiri, Oliver, Jaccard, Samuel, Tierney, Jessica, Dätwyler, Christoph, Axford, Yarrow, Brussel, Thomas, Cartapanis, Olivier, Chase, Brian, Dawson, Andria, Vernal, Anne, Engels, Stefan, Jonkers, Lukas, Marsicek, Jeremiah, Moffa-Sánchez, Paola, Morrill, Carrie, Orsi, Anais, Rehfeld, Kira, Saunders, Krystyna, Sommer, Philipp S., Thomas, Elizabeth, Tonello, Marcela, Tóth, Mónika, Vachula, Richard, Andreev, Andrei, Bertrand, Sebastien, Biskaborn, Boris, Bringué, Manuel, Brooks, Stephen, Caniupán, Magaly, Chevalier, Manuel, Cwynar, Les, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fegyveresi, John, Feurdean, Angelica, Finsinger, Walter, Fortin, Marie-Claude, Foster, Louise, Fox, Mathew, Gajewski, Konrad, Grosjean, Martin, Hausmann, Sonja, Heinrichs, Markus, Holmes, Naomi, Ilyashuk, Boris, Ilyashuk, Elena, Juggins, Steve, Khider, Deborah, Koinig, Karin, Langdon, Peter, Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle, Li, Jianyong, Lotter, André, Luoto, Tomi, Mackay, Anson, Magyari, Eniko, Malevich, Steven, Mark, Bryan, Massaferro, Julieta, Montade, Vincent, Nazarova, Larisa, Novenko, Elena, Pařil, Petr, Pearson, Emma, Peros, Matthew, Pienitz, Reinhard, Płóciennik, Mateusz, Porinchu, David, Potito, Aaron, Rees, Andrew, Reinemann, Scott, Roberts, Stephen, Rolland, Nicolas, Salonen, Sakari, Self, Angela, Seppä, Heikki, Shala, Shyhrete, St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, Stenni, Barbara, Syrykh, Liudmila, Tarrats, Pol, Taylor, Karen, Bos, Valerie, Velle, Gaute, Wahl, Eugene, Walker, Ian, Wilmshurst, Janet, Zhang, Enlou, and Zhilich, Snezhana

   Scientific Data 2020

   Abs

   A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.

10. Benchmarking the Lomb-Scargle implementation in GeochronR

    Khider, Deborah, and Emile-Geay, Julien

    2020
11. Resolving the Differences in the Simulated and Reconstructed Temperature Response to Volcanism

    Zhu, Feng, Emile-Geay, Julien, Hakim, Gregory J., King, Jonathan, and Anchukaitis, Kevin J.

    Geophysical Research Letters 2020

2021

1. Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Characteristics, causes, predictability, and prospects

   Power, Scott, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Capotondi, Antonietta, Khodri, Myriam, Vialard, Jérôme, Jebri, Beyrem, Guilyardi, Eric, McGregor, Shayne, Kug, Jong-Seong, Newman, Matthew, McPhaden, Michael J., Meehl, Gerald, Smith, Doug, Cole, Julia, Emile-Geay, Julien, Vimont, Daniel, Wittenberg, Andrew T., Collins, Mat, Kim, Geon-Il, Cai, Wenju, Okumura, Yuko, Chung, Christine, Cobb, Kim M., Delage, François, Planton, Yann Y., Levine, Aaron, Zhu, Feng, Sprintall, Janet, Lorenzo, Emanuele Di, Zhang, Xuebin, Luo, Jing-Jia, Lin, Xiaopei, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Wang, Guojian, and Henley, Benjamin J.

   Science 2021
2. A data assimilation approach to last millennium temperature field reconstruction using a limited high-sensitivity proxy network

   King, Jonathan M., Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Tierney, Jessica E., Hakim, Gregory J., Emile-Geay, Julien, Zhu, Feng, and Wilson, Rob

   Journal of Climate 2021
3. Pyleoclim: A Python package for the analysis of paleoclimate data

   Khider, Deborah, Zhu, Feng, Emile-Geay, Julien, Hu, Jun, James, Alexander, Athreya, Pratheek, Kwan, Myron, and Garijo, Daniel

   2021
4. Climate Field Completion via Markov Random Fields: Application to the HadCRUT4.6 Temperature Dataset

   Vaccaro, Adam, Emile-Geay, Julien, Guillot, Dominque, Verna, Resherle, Morice, Colin, Kennedy, John, and Rajaratnam, Bala

   Journal of Climate 2021